Cov kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb uas qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab hoisting yog lub peev xwm nqa thiab cov chav ua haujlwm. Lifting muaj peev xwm hais txog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm kev thauj khoom uas tso cai rau hoisted raws li kev ua haujlwm tau teev tseg -tshwj xeeb, qhov ntsuas kev nqa lub peev xwm. Feem ntau, rau cranes nruab nrog electromagnetic chucks (saib 'Lifting Magnets') los yog grabs, lub peev xwm nqa tau yuav tsum suav nrog qhov hnyav ntawm electromagnetic chuck lossis rub nws tus kheej. Rau jib- hom cranes, lub peev xwm nqa kuj suav nrog qhov hnyav ntawm qhov sib txuas sib txuas.
Cov chav kawm ua haujlwm yog qhov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo uas cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm hoisting machinery; nws ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev tsim thiab xaiv cov khoom siv zoo li no. Nws yog txiav txim los ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua hauj lwm cycles lub hoisting machinery yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav, raws li zoo raws li lub load tej yam kev mob uas nws ntsib, tshaj nws lub hom phiaj kev pab cuam lub neej. Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Standardization (ISO) tau teev tseg tias hoisting machinery ua haujlwm cov chav kawm tau muab faib ua yim qib sib txawv. Hauv Suav teb, qhov kev faib tawm tam sim no tsuas yog siv rau cranes; lub teeb-lub luag haujlwm thiab me me- nplai hoisting khoom, elevator, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob overhead monorail tseem tsis tau muab cov chav ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Rau hoisting machinery yam ntxwv los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua thiab rov ua dua- xws li cranes siv rau kev thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm cov khoom thauj ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj, stacker cranes siv nyob rau hauv siab - bay warehouses, thiab hla hoists pub blast furnaces - lub 'ua hauj lwm voj voog' constitutes lwm yam. Lub voj voog ua haujlwm yog hais txog lub sijhawm yuav tsum ua kom tiav ib lub voj voog ua haujlwm; nws yog nyob ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm ceev ntawm lub tshuab mechanisms thiab yog ncaj qha ntsig txog cov khoom tuav nrug. Rau cov lus hais saum toj no ntawm cranes, 'productivity' yog qee zaum ua haujlwm raws li qhov taw qhia ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, feem ntau qhia raws li tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov khoom hoisted ib teev.
Key Parameters
Lifting Capacity G (keeb kwm feem ntau txhais los ntawm tsab ntawv Q) yog hais txog qhov loj ntawm cov khoom raug hoisted, ntsuas hauv kilograms (kg) lossis tons (t). Nws yog feem ntau categorized rau hauv tej hom, xws li ntsuas lifting muaj peev xwm, siab tshaj lifting muaj peev xwm, tag nrho lifting muaj peev xwm, thiab zoo lifting muaj peev xwm.
Rated Lifting Capacity Gn (tsis suav qhov loj ntawm hoisting hlau hlua, hooks, thiab pulley blocks) yog hais txog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom thauj lossis cov ntaub ntawv raug hoisted ntxiv rau cov khoom nqa nqa los yog cov khoom sib txuas (xws li, rubs, electromagnetic chucks, spreader beams, thiab lwm yam) siv hauv kev ua haujlwm. Rau cov cranes nrog kev sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm radii (variable outreach), qhov ntsuas lifting muaj peev xwm fluctuates nyob rau hauv raws li qhov tshwj xeeb lub vojvoog.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws Lifting Capacity Gmax yog hais txog qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm nqa tau tso cai rau lub crane nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua haujlwm. Rau cov cranes nrog qhov sib txawv radii, Rated Lifting Capacity yog hais txog qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai load uas lub crane tuaj yeem nqa tau nyob rau hauv kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm ntawm nws qhov tsawg kawg nkaus radius; qhov no tseem hu ua Nominal Rated Lifting Capacity.
Tag Nrho Lifting Nyhav (Gt): Qhov no yog hais txog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom lossis cov khoom raug nqa, nrog rau qhov loj ntawm cov khoom nqa nqa tau thiab cov khoom nqa nqa lossis cov khoom txuas mus tas li rau lub crane (xws li hooks, pulley blocks, lifting wire ropes, thiab lwm yam lifting Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub boom).
Qhov hnyav Lifting (Gp): Qhov no yog hais txog qhov loj ntawm cov khoom lossis cov khoom uas tau nqa los ntawm crane. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug crane nruab nrog ib tug detachable grab thoob, qhov tso cai loj ntawm cov khoom ntes los ntawm lub grab yog lub * Zoo Lifting yuag *, thaum lub sum ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub grab thiab cov khoom yog lub Rated Lifting Capacity.
Span (S): Rau tus choj- hom cranes, kab rov tav nrug ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov qauv txhawb nqa yog hu ua Span, qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv "S" thiab ntsuas hauv meters (m).
Rail Gauge (k): Rau lub trolley, qhov no yog hais txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab nruab nrab ntawm lub trolley txoj kab.
Wheelbase (B): Kuj tseem hu ua Axlebase, qhov no yog hais txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev txhawb nqa centerlines ntawm crane lossis trolley, ntsuas raws cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev mus ncig ntev.
Radius (L): Thaum lub crane nyob rau theem hauv av, kab rov tav nyob nruab nrab ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuab nqa nqa nqa thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev sib hloov yog hu ua Radius * (L). Lub vojvoog yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws Radius thiab Tsawg Radius.
Lifting Moment (M): Lub Sij Hawm Lifting yog cov khoom ntawm Radius (L) thiab lub zog gravitational (G) ntawm cov khoom sib thooj raug nqa: M=G · L.
Overturning Moment (MA): Overturning Moment yog hais txog cov khoom ntawm lub zog gravitational (G) ntawm cov khoom raug lifted thiab kab rov tav nrug (A) los ntawm cov khoom ntawd mus rau lub crane txoj kab overturning.
Log Load (P): Lub 'Wheel Load' yog hais txog lub siab tshaj plaws ntsug load kis los ntawm ib lub log mus rau txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau lossis hauv av. Chav ntsuas ntsuas yog Newtons (N).
Lifting Height (H) thiab Lowering Depth (h): 'Lub Lifting Height' yog hais txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm crane txoj kab rov tav sawv saum npoo (los yog khiav tsheb ciav hlau) mus rau qhov chaw tso cai ntawm lub tshuab nqa, ntsuas hauv meters (m).
Lifting Speed (Vn): Lifting (los yog Lowering) Ceev (Vn) yog hais txog qhov kev txav txav ntsug ntsug ( ntsuas hauv m / min) ntawm qhov ntsuas load nyob rau hauv khov kho- xeev cov lus tsa suab. Lub trolley kev khiav hauj lwm ceev (Vt) yog hais txog qhov ceev (hauv m / min) uas lub trolley, nqa nws cov khoom ntsuas, taug kev raws kab kab rov tav nyob rau hauv khov kho- lub xeev kev ua haujlwm.
Crane Ua Haujlwm Chav Kawm: Cov chav kawm ua haujlwm crane sawv cev rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm crane, suav nrog qib kev siv ntawm kev nqa lub peev xwm thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, nrog rau qhov zaus ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nws raug cais raws li cov crane siv hauv chav kawm (txhais los ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua haujlwm dhau los ntawm nws tag nrho cov kev pabcuam tsim lub neej) thiab nws lub xeev load. Lub crane lub xeev load yog categorized ua plaub theem - Teeb, Nruab Nrab, Hnyav, thiab Ntxiv -Hnyav- raws li qhov nominal load spectrum; Cov chav kawm siv crane tau muab faib ua kaum qib, xws li U0 txog U9. Cov chav kawm ua haujlwm crane- uas kuj txhais cov chav ua haujlwm ntawm crane cov qauv hlau- yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntsiab hoisting mechanism thiab tau muab faib ua theem A1 txog A8 (xav txog qhov kev siv zog ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab qib ntawm kev siv tag nrho- load utilization).